Dry Eye Disease: Key Facts

What is dry eye disease?

Dry eye disease (or DED) is a condition that affects the surface of the eye (the ocular surface) and the protective tear film that covers it.^1a,2b DED causes eye discomfort and inflammation, visual disturbances, and instability in the tear film.^1a

The protective tear film covering the surface of the eye^2b,3

DED may be caused by an underlying condition (like vitamin A deficiency or an autoimmune disease) or by ageing.^1b,c It can also be triggered by allergies, contact-lens use or certain medications.^1b,c Dry environments that irritate the eye can also lead to DED.^1d

DED ranges from a mildly uncomfortable condition to a severe and even debilitating problem, depending on how frequently you experience the symptoms and how seriously they affect you.^1e

How common is dry eye disease?

The prevalence of DED ranges from 5%–50%, but can be as high as 75% among adults over the age of 40.^4a Less than 3% of younger adults aged 18–45 experience DED.^4a Women are more often affected by DED than men.^4a

There are two main types of dry eye disease:^4b

1. Evaporative or hyperevaporative DED (increased evaporation of the tear film)
2. Aqueous-deficient DED (reduced tear production)

It’s estimated that around 10% of people with DED have the aqueous-deficient type, and more than 80% have either the evaporative type or a combination of both types.^4b

Learn About the Types of Dry Eye Disease

If DED isn’t treated, it can become chronic and may get worse over time, significantly affecting your quality of life.^5b That’s why it’s important to understand the facts about this condition, and know how to prevent and treat it.

Tips and Resources for Dry Eye Disease

Treating and Managing Dry Eye Disease