What is Glaucoma?

1. Glaucoma [Internet]. American Optometric Association [cited 2026 Mar 9]. Available from: https://www.aoa.org/healthy-eyes/eye-and-vision-conditions/glaucoma.
2. Critical connection: How your optic nerve works [Internet]. Cleveland Clinic [cited 2026 Mar 9]. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/22261-optic-nerve.
3. What Is glaucoma? [Internet]. Cleveland Clinic [cited 2026 Mar 9]. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4212-glaucoma.
4. Kaur H, Kochar R. Glaucoma: the silent thief of vision. ARC Journal of Nutrition and Growth. 2016;2(1).
5. Qi T, Liu H, Frühn L, Löw K, et al. Understanding glaucoma: Why it remains a leading cause of blindness worldwide. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. 2025;242(7):712-717. doi:10.1055/a-2617-1575.
6. Can glaucoma be cured? [Internet]. Glaucoma Research Foundation [cited 2026 Mar 9]. Available from: https://glaucoma.org/articles/can-glaucoma-be-cured.
7. Parikh RS, Parikh SR, Navin S, et al. Practical approach to medical management of glaucoma. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2008;56(3):223-230. doi:10.4103/0301-4738.40362.

Image references: Shutterstock.

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Types of glaucoma

1. Critical connection: How your optic nerve works [Internet]. Cleveland Clinic [cited 2026 Mar 9]. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/22261-optic-nerve.
2. Glaucoma [Internet]. American Optometric Association [cited 2026 Mar 9]. Available from: https://www.aoa.org/healthy-eyes/eye-and-vision-conditions/glaucoma.
3. Marais A, Osuch E. The medical management of glaucoma. SA Fam Prac. 2017;59(2):6-13. doi:10.4102/safp.v59i2.4669.
4. Tripathy K, Zeppieri M. Open angle glaucoma. In: StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing; 2026. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441887/.
5. What Is the iris of the eye? [Internet]. Cleveland Clinic [cited 2026 Mar 9]. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/22502-iris.
6. Corneas: Why you should appreciate your eye’s windshield [Internet]. Cleveland Clinic [cited 2026 Mar 9]. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/21562-cornea.
7. Rotchford AP, Kirwan JF, Muller MA, et al. Temba glaucoma study: A population-based cross-sectional survey in urban South Africa. Ophthalmology. 2003;110(2):376-382. doi:10.1016/S0161-6420(02)01568-3.
8. What Is angle-closure glaucoma? [Internet]. Cleveland Clinic [cited 2026 Mar 9]. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/angle-closure-glaucoma.
9. Recognizing congenital glaucoma in infants [Internet]. Cleveland Clinic [cited 2026 Mar 9]. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/congenital-glaucoma.
10. Kaur H, Kochar R. Glaucoma: the silent thief of vision. ARC Journal of Nutrition and Growth. 2016;2(1).

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Am I at risk for glaucoma?

1. What Is glaucoma? [Internet]. Cleveland Clinic [cited 2026 Mar 9]. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4212-glaucoma.
2. Allison K, Patel D, Alabi O. Epidemiology of glaucoma: the past, present, and predictions for the future. Cureus. 2020;12(11):e11686. doi:10.7759/cureus.11686.
3. McMonnies CW. Glaucoma history and risk factors. J Optom. 2017;10(2):71-78.
4. Eye injury and glaucoma: questions and answers [Internet]. Glaucoma Research Foundation [cited 2026 Mar 12]. Available from: https://glaucoma.org/articles/eye-injury-and-glaucoma-questions-and-answers.
5. Shroff S, Thomas RK, D’Souza G, et al. The effect of inhaled steroids on the intraocular pressure. Digit J Ophthalmol. 2018;24(3):6-9. doi:10.5693/djo.01.2018.04.001.
6. Xie P, Qiu H, Zhao L, et al. The impact of obesity or overweight on the risk of glaucoma: a meta-analysis. Front Med (Lausanne). 2026;13:1756819. doi:10.3389/fmed.2026.1756819.
7. Seo JH, Lee Y. Association of exercise intensity with the prevalence of glaucoma and intraocular pressure in men. J Clin Med. 2022;11(16):4725. doi:10.3390/jcm11164725.
8. Glaucoma worldwide: a growing concern [Internet]. Glaucoma Research Foundation [cited 2026 Mar 12]. Available from: https://glaucoma.org/articles/glaucoma-worldwide-a-growing-concern.
9. Can glaucoma be cured? [Internet]. Glaucoma Research Foundation [cited 2026 Mar 9]. Available from: https://glaucoma.org/articles/can-glaucoma-be-cured.

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Treating and managing glaucoma

1. Can glaucoma be cured? [Internet]. Glaucoma Research Foundation [cited 2026 Mar 9]. Available from: https://glaucoma.org/articles/can-glaucoma-be-cured.
2. Glaucoma tests: what to expect & how to interpret results [Internet]. Cleveland Clinic [cited 2026 Mar 12]. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diagnostics/22514-glaucoma-tests.
3. Glaucoma diagnosis & treatment [Internet]. Mayo Clinic [cited 2026 Mar 12]. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/glaucoma/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20372846.
4. Glaucoma surgery [Internet]. Glaucoma Research Foundation [cited 2026 Mar 12]. Available from: https://glaucoma.org/articles/glaucoma-surgery.
5. What is a glaucoma drainage implant? [Internet]. American Academy of Ophthalmology [cited 2026 Mar 12]. Available from: https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/glaucoma-drainage-implants.
6. How compliance can help save your sight [Internet]. Glaucoma Research Foundation [cited 2026 Mar 12]. Available from: https://glaucoma.org/articles/how-compliance-can-help-save-your-sight.
7. Robin A, Grover DS. Compliance and adherence in glaucoma management. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2011;59(Suppl1):S93-6. doi:10.4103/0301-4738.73693.

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Who is affected by glaucoma?

1. Qi T, Liu H, Frühn L, Löw K, et al. Understanding glaucoma: Why it remains a leading cause of blindness worldwide. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. 2025;242(7):712-717. doi:10.1055/a-2617-1575.
2. Kaur H, Kochar R. Glaucoma: the silent thief of vision. ARC Journal of Nutrition and Growth. 2016;2(1).
3. What Is glaucoma? [Internet]. Cleveland Clinic [cited 2026 Mar 9]. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4212-glaucoma.
4. Rotchford AP, Kirwan JF, Muller MA, et al. Temba glaucoma study: A population-based cross-sectional survey in urban South Africa. Ophthalmology. 2003;110(2):376-382. doi:10.1016/S0161-6420(02)01568-3.
5. Stone JS, Muir KW, Stinnett SS, et al. Glaucoma blindness at a tertiary eye care center. N C Med J. 2015;76(4):211-8. doi:10.18043/ncm.76.4.211.
6. Glaucoma worldwide: a growing concern [Internet]. Glaucoma Research Foundation [cited 2026 Mar 12]. Available from: https://glaucoma.org/articles/glaucoma-worldwide-a-growing-concern.
7. Allison K, Patel D, Alabi O. Epidemiology of glaucoma: the past, present, and predictions for the future. Cureus. 2020;12(11):e11686. doi:10.7759/cureus.11686.

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Glaucoma and PMB rights

1. CMScript: focus on glaucoma [Internet]. Council for Medical Schemes [cited 2026 Mar 12]. Available from: https://www.medicalschemes.co.za/cmscript-focus-on-glaucoma/.
2. Prescribed minimum benefits [Internet]. Council for Medical Schemes [cited 2026 Mar 12]. Available from: https://www.medicalschemes.co.za/resources/pmb/.
3. What Is glaucoma? [Internet]. Cleveland Clinic [cited 2026 Mar 9]. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4212-glaucoma.
4. Kaur H, Kochar R. Glaucoma: the silent thief of vision. ARC Journal of Nutrition and Growth. 2016;2(1).
5. Can glaucoma be cured? [Internet]. Glaucoma Research Foundation [cited 2026 Mar 9]. Available from: https://glaucoma.org/articles/can-glaucoma-be-cured.
6. Member of a medical scheme? Know your guaranteed benefits! [Internet]. Council for Medical Schemes [cited 2026 Mar 9]. Available from: https://www.medicalschemes.com/files/cmscript/cmscript82013_2014.pdf.
7. Contact us [Internet]. Council for Medical Schemes [cited 2026 Mar 9]. Available from: https://www.medicalschemes.co.za/contact-us/.

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Resources for glaucoma patients

1. Robin A, Grover DS. Compliance and adherence in glaucoma management. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2011;59(Suppl1):S93-6. doi:10.4103/0301-4738.73693.
2. How compliance can help save your sight [Internet]. Glaucoma Research Foundation [cited 2026 Mar 12]. Available from: https://glaucoma.org/articles/how-compliance-can-help-save-your-sight.
3. Frequently asked questions [Internet]. South African Glaucoma Society [cited 2026 Mar 12]. Available from: https://www.sags.co.za/website/faq/.

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